Achievements in human rights since 'doi moi' in 1986
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Doi Moi (also called The Renovation Process) is the economic reforms launched in Vietnam in 1986 with the view to transforming the nation into a "socially-orientend market economy". The reform policies during this process have resulted in profound changes to Vietnam's economic, social and political progress, including the enforcement of human rights. During the struggle against US aggression and amidst the dispute between North and South Vietnam in the pre-1975 period, Vietnamese people either viewed human rights with a skeptical eye — questioning them whether to be just a means of imperialist control — or took human rights for granted, believing in an idealistic socialist state where no issue of human rights could exist. Since the initiation of Doi Moi, the problems of human rights received more attention from the people and the government, therefore started to be addressed more frequently.
The Doi Moi process marks a major achievement in human rights for Vietnam, as for the first time, human rights were acknowledged comprehensively in the Constitutional. Amendments to the Constitution were made in 1992, which officially address and uphold the basic rights for the Vietnamese people: "In the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, political, civil, economic, cultural and cultural rights are respected and demonstrated in the Constitution and Law". The improvement in human rights resulted in the revision and issuing of several legal documents. About 13,000 legal documents have been issued, 40 of which are the fundamental sets of law, including the Civil Law, Labour Law, Penal Code, Education Law, Healthcare Law... The numerous human rights encompassed by law consist of the following:
Freedom of association has resulted in an increasing number of organizations throughout the nation, three times as many as the figure in 1990. And in order to ensure freedom of movement, Vietnam has abolished complicated administrative procedures that prevent the movement of residents, and recognized freedom of immigration of Vietnamese citizens.
Despite the fact that the most basic human rights are enshrined in the Vietnamese Constitution and have been enforced in state policies, the government has committed numerous violations of human rights in reality, suppressing public demonstrations and charging human rights activists with "subversion crimes".
The Doi Moi process marks a major achievement in human rights for Vietnam, as for the first time, human rights were acknowledged comprehensively in the Constitutional. Amendments to the Constitution were made in 1992, which officially address and uphold the basic rights for the Vietnamese people: "In the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, political, civil, economic, cultural and cultural rights are respected and demonstrated in the Constitution and Law". The improvement in human rights resulted in the revision and issuing of several legal documents. About 13,000 legal documents have been issued, 40 of which are the fundamental sets of law, including the Civil Law, Labour Law, Penal Code, Education Law, Healthcare Law... The numerous human rights encompassed by law consist of the following:
- The rights to life, physical inviolability and dignity.
- Freedom to vote, to stand for election, and to take part in state administration.
- Freedom of speech, of the press, and the rights to information
- Freedom of religion, of association and movement.
Freedom of association has resulted in an increasing number of organizations throughout the nation, three times as many as the figure in 1990. And in order to ensure freedom of movement, Vietnam has abolished complicated administrative procedures that prevent the movement of residents, and recognized freedom of immigration of Vietnamese citizens.
- Freedom in doing business, in ownership and inheritance.
- The rights to public education and health care
- The guarantee of women and children's rights.
Despite the fact that the most basic human rights are enshrined in the Vietnamese Constitution and have been enforced in state policies, the government has committed numerous violations of human rights in reality, suppressing public demonstrations and charging human rights activists with "subversion crimes".